Architectural Terracotta From Olbia According to Excavations of the 1920-ies

The article is devoted to the introduction into scientific circulation of a collection terracotta architectural details from excavations Upper City Olbia in second half 1920-ies. Archaeological research was conducted by Scientific Council All-Ukrainian Academy Sciences according plan proposed B. V. Farmakovskyi after resumption 1924. Two details, fragments polychrome simas Late Archaic period, most likely were related cult monumental structures Western Temenos and found layer its destruction. remaining during residential houses central (excavation sites A, H, D) north-eastern part city site I). These are eaves tiles, facades which decorated with embossed ornaments two variants — Ionian cyma pearls meander, metopes placed letters or four- eight-petalled palmettes. tile category includes pentagonal antefix relief image an Athena mask helmet lotus flowers on sides. Fragments gutters (simas) facade Satire water-supply shape lion’s head open mouth also found. Ceramic served as decoration integral roof buildings, became widespread IV—III c. BC. Such known almost all ancient centers Black Sea coast. Modern ceramic studies similar Messambria Apollonia Pontica have determined local production. obtained data allowed correcting not only information handicraft production Olbia, such traditionally, opinion I. Brashynskyi, belonged production, but offer new direction trade building materials. Another important area for tiles import Sinop.